Digital Cinema

Scott McQuire Millennial dreams As anybody inspired by film culture knows, the most recent decade has seen a blast of declarations concerning the eventual fate of film. Many are fuelled by exposed mechanical determinism, bringing about whole-world destroying situations in which film either experiences advanced resurrection to develop more impressive than any time in recent memory in the new thousand years, or is underestimated by a scope of ‘new media’ which definitely incorporate a broadband computerized pipe equipped for conveying full screen ‘cinema quality’ pictures on request to home consumers.The reality that the doubleedged probability of advanced renaissance or demise by bytes has harmonized with festivities of the ‘centenary of cinema’ wants to ponder all the more extensively the historical backdrop of film as a social and social establishment. It has additionally met with a noteworthy change of film history, wherein the centrality of à ¢â‚¬Ëœnarrative’ as the essential class for joining records of the mechanical, the monetary and the tasteful in film hypothesis, has gotten subject to new questions.Writing in 1986 Thomas Elsaesser joined the revisionist venture concerning ‘early cinema’ to cinema’s possible downfall: ‘A new enthusiasm for its beginnings is advocated by the very reality that we may be seeing the end: motion pictures on the big screen could before long be the special case as opposed to the rule’. 1 obviously, Elsaesser’s hypothesis, which was to a great extent driven by the deregulation of TV broadcasting in Europe related to the rise of new innovations, for example, video, link and satellite during the 1980s, has been repudiated continuously long film blast in the multiplexed 1990s. It has additionally been tested from another course, as the monster screen ‘experience’ of huge configuration film has been somewhat out of the blue changed fro m a piece player into a forthcoming power. Be that as it may, in a similar article, Elsaesser raised another issue which has kept on reverberating in resulting discusses: Scott McQuire, ‘Impact Esthetics: Back to the Future in Digital Cinema? ‘, Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2000, pp. 41-61.  © Scott McQuire. All rights reserved.Deposited to the University of Melbourne ePrints Repository with consent of Sage Publications . 2 Few chronicles completely address the topic of why story turned into the main impetus of film and whether this may itself be liable to change. Today the achievement, of SF as a class, or of executives like Steven Spielberg whose stories are just compilation pieces from fundamental film plots, propose that account has somewhat been a reason for the fireworks of IL;M. 3 Concern for the death, in the event that not of film in essence, at that point of story in film, is across the board in the present. In the ongoing uncommon ‘digital technology’ issue of Screen, Sean Cubitt noticed a ‘common instinct among commentators, pundits and researchers that something has changed in the idea of film †something to do with the rot of natural account and execution esteems for the characteristics of the blockbuster’. 4 Lev Manovich has adjusted the prevalence of ‘blockbusters’ with ‘digital cinema’ by characterizing the last for the most part as far as expanded visual enhancements: ‘A noticeable indication of this move is the new job which PC created embellishments have come to play in the Hollywood business in the last not many years.Many late blockbusters have been driven by embellishments; benefiting from their popularity’. 5 In his investigation of Hollywood’s regularly on edge portrayal of the internet in movies, for example, The Lawn Mower Man (1992), Paul Young contends that ‘cyberphobic films overemphasi ze the intensity of the visual in their dependence on computerized innovation to deliver exhibition to the detriment of narrative’, and includes this is ‘a outcome that [Scott] Bukatman has contended is dormant in all extraordinary effects’. An increasingly extraordinary (yet in any case normal) see is communicated by producer Jean Douchet: ‘[Today] film has surrendered the reason and the intuition behind individual shots [and narrative], for pictures †rootless, textureless pictures †intended to brutally intrigue by continually expanding their staggering qualities’. 7 ‘Spectacle’, it appears, is winning the war against ‘narrative’ up and down the line.Even a short factual examination uncovers that ‘special effects’ driven movies have delighted in huge late achievement, gathering a normal of over 60% of the worldwide income taken by the best 10 movies from 1995-1998, contrasted with a normal of 30% over the past four years. 8 Given that the extent of film industry income taken by the main 10 movies has held consistent or expanded somewhat with regards to a quickly extending absolute market, this shows a bunch of enhancements films are producing colossal incomes each year.While such figures don’t offer a complete image of the film business, not to mention uncover which films which will apply enduring social impact, they do offer a depiction of contemporary social taste refracted through studio showcasing financial plans. Coupled to the ongoing notoriety of paracinematic structures, for example, huge organization and uncommon setting films, the recharged accentuation on ‘spectacle’ over ‘narrative’ proposes another conceivable end-game for 3 inema: not the every now and again forecasted purging of theaters made excess by the blast of locally situated review (TV, video, the web), however a change from inside which delivers a film done taking after its (account) self, yet something very other. Supplementing these discussions over conceivable true to life prospects is the way that any go to marvelous film ‘rides’ can likewise be considered as an arrival †regardless of whether renaissance or relapse is less clear †to a previous worldview of film-production broadly named the ‘cinema of attraction’ by Tom Gunning.Gunning quite a while in the past flagged this feeling of return when he remarked: ‘Clearly in some sense ongoing exhibition film has re-confirmed its foundations in upgrade and jubilee rides, in what may be known as the Spielberg-Lucas-Coppola film of effects’. 9 For Paul Arthur, improvements during the 1990s underline the point: The approach of Imax 3-D and its future possibilities, pair with the more extensive strains of a New Sensationalism, give an event to draw a few associations with the early history of film and the intermittent argument between the supremacy of the vi sual and, for absence of a superior term, the tangible. 0 In what follows here, I need to additionally think about the circles and touches of these discussions, less with the terrific aspiration of settling them, yet initially of adding some various voices to the conversation †especially the voices of those associated with film creation. 11 My goal isn't to lift experimentation over hypothesis, however to advance exchange between various areas of film culture which meet very seldom, and, all the while, to scrutinize the somewhat limited terms wherein ‘digital cinema’ has often entered late hypothetical debates.Secondly, I need to consider the connection among ‘narrative’ and ‘spectacle’ as it is showed in these discussions. My anxiety is that there is by all accounts a peril of confounding various directions â€, for example, cinema’s on-going endeavors to differentiate its ‘experience’ from that of local amusement ad vances, and the go to blockbuster misuse procedures â€and conflating them under the heading of ‘digital cinema’.While computerized innovation unquestionably crosses with, and altogether covers these turns of events, it is in no way, shape or form co-broad with them. ‘Spectacular sounds’: film in the computerized area Putting aside the unavoidable promotion about the transformation of Hollywood into ‘Cyberwood’, in the same way as other others I am persuaded that advanced innovation comprises a significant upset in film, fundamentally as a result of its ability to cut over every one of the 4 areas of the business all the while, influencing film creation, story shows and crowd experience.In this regard, the main satisfactory perspective for the profundity and degree of current changes are the changes which occurred with the presentation of synchronized sound during the 1920s. In any case, while the basic level at which change is happening is b roadly remembered, it has been examined principally regarding the effect of CGI (PC created imaging) on the film picture. A more creation situated methodology would in all probability start somewhere else; with what Philip Brophy has contended is among ‘the most neglected parts of film hypothesis and analysis (both present day and postmodern strands)’ †sound. 2 A concise flick through ongoing articles on advanced film affirms this disregard: Manovich finds ‘digital cinema’ exclusively in an authentic genealogy of moving pictures; none of the articles in the ongoing Screen dossier notice sound, and even Eric Faden’s ‘Assimilating New Technologies: Early Cinema, Sound and Computer Imaging’ just uses the presentation of synchronized sound as a verifiable relationship for talking about the contemporary impact of CGI on the film image13. While not so much startling, this quietness is still to some degree urprising, given the way that com puterized sound innovation was received by the film business far prior and more extensively than was CGI. What's more, in any event until the mid 1990s with films like Terminator 2 (1991) and Jurassic Park (1993), the impact on crowd experience was apparently far more noteworthy than was di

Finite Element Method Fuse Protection Design-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Finite Element Method Fuse Protection Design? Answer: Introducation 1A. There are numerous sorts of archives that are utilized in a business association. These records could incorporate spreadsheets, databases, letters, notices, faxes, pamphlets, gifts to the representatives, flyers, show materials, reports, venture reports, deals reports, yearly reports, plans, strategies, methodology, fiscal summaries, solicitations, charges, orders, tables, bulletins, motivation, minutes and handouts. The archives depend on the kind of exercises, the undertakings and the exercises makes the requirements for documentation. For instance, if in the association there is have to advise the workers with respect to a specific gathering that will be held in a specific day, at that point there will be requirement for drafting notification, updates or brochures for the representatives, correspondingly there is prerequisite for drafting marketing chart and undertaking reports. At the point when new workers join any association, numerous documentation conventions are done, th e new representatives are given joining letter, worker gifts that comprises of code and direct of the association and different archives identified with the arrangements of the association (Mihai-Adrian et al. 2017). The data innovation of an association helps a great deal in structuring of the archives and their items. Directly practically all the associations use PC innovation for planning of all the significant records, similar to the notification, brochures, reminders, there are numerous virtual products that help in structuring reports for business association. Layouts are accessible online which makes it simpler for record structuring and creation, arrangement of business letters, notification, fliers and the configuration of all association related archives are accessible on the web. Printers and fax machines are utilized for taking out the printed copies of the structured archives. Xerox machines are utilized to make the copies of the archives that are to be coursed among the representatives. Scanners are utilized to change over the printed copies of the records into delicate duplicates which can be additionally flowed through electronic sends. Associations need to make their logos and bu siness cards. Record plan and organization relies upon the sort of movement for which the report is to be structured, for authoritative archives, for the most part an alternate sort of papers are utilized for planning authoritative reports, papers with elastic stamps are utilized for drafting understandings, agreements and the various archives that have lawful criticalness. All the reports are required to have the logo of the association, with the stamp and mark of the Managing Director of the association. As indicated by the present pattern Darwin Information Typing Architecture a model of XML information which is utilized for composing, DITA will be administering the documentation area even later on. Different instruments that are foreseen to be utilized later on that will help the essayists in making and filing archives in .XML arrangement to PDF/DOC/other praser position so the records can be introduced at whatever point and in at all way required. Future clients may need record s to be altered. The authors influence the client experience due to the UI and the client plan (Mihai-Adrian et al. 2017). Five kinds of reports required for business associations are Strategy is a significant report that the entrepreneur is required to compose, the records contains the objectives, targets, the executives plan, advertising systems and the money related spending plan. Strategy likewise incorporates vital objectives of the association. This report is drafted to start with when the association is being set up, for the initial five years, this archive goes about as the outline for the business activities (Wilson 2014). As indicated by the organization of field-tested strategy, it comprise of official synopsis, which is the preview of the field-tested strategy, it speaks to the organization profile and the objectives of the business. Next component is organization depiction, which gives data about the business, the remarkable highlights that the business gives in the business that separates it from different organizations. Market investigation report is remembered for the field-tested strategy, advertise examination and research is done before the business is begun and a report of market investigation is remembered for the field-tested strategy. Association and the board related data, data with respect to the administration and the product offering of the association, procedures and data identified with the promoting and the deals of the business. In the event that any subsidizing is raised from outside, the marketable strategy ought to incorporate the financing demand data. Money related projection s are significant for coming down assets and this ought to be remembered for the draft of field-tested strategy. The last piece of the marketable strategy is Appendix, it is utilized for including extra data like, continues, allows and rents (Wilson 2014). Bookkeeping Documents Another significant archive for any business are the bookkeeping reports, bookkeeping records tracks all the exchanges of the business associations, buys, deals, salary and costs all are recorded on regular routine. Bookkeepers gives bills to the clients, they make month to month spending plans for the different branches of the organization, the bookkeepers compose the yearly monetary reports for the financial specialists and investors of the organization. Money related spending plans, reports are commonly long however the solicitations are not excessively much long (Wilson 2014). Business reports Business reports are different business archives, which are of 10 to 100 pages, it very well may be the yearly marketing chart, yearly spending reports and update reports of the showcasing division which is made on month to month premise (Thill and Bove 2013). Client support reports Organizations selling administrations incorporates certain archives like, guarantee related reports, client manual for the clients, that incorporates data in regards to the application strategy for the item (Thill and Bove 2013). Operational archive Operational archives are fundamentally data that are composed on day by day, week by week and month to month premise, meeting minutes, venture recommendations about the inward and outer exercises that business must carryout, are a portion of the instances of operational records (Thill and Bove 2013). No I don't concur that Organizational data, financial plan, assets and innovation prerequisites are not should have been engaged while setting up the norms for reports utilized in the association, since all these data and variables are required, they structure the reason for building up the gauges that are required for the business. Every one of these subtleties will be required to set the norms, documentation varies and relies upon the crowd it has been drafted for and the occasion for which documentation is done (Wilson 2014). The three records that have been made from a standard reports are Business letters Business letters have a standard arrangement, or can be said that the business letters have standard format, the components of the layout contains heading, date, subject, welcome, body and shutting segment. Business letters are utilized for an assortment of purposes, it very well may be kept in touch with the clients as an answer to their questions, it tends to be sent to the providers for the gracefully related inquiries. Business letters are formal kind of letters that are utilized in an association with the end goal of correspondence (Tsun and Nikfarjam 2014). Notification additionally utilized standard configuration, the format of notification contain heading, sees don't have welcome, address isn't required in the notification the most significant piece of the Notice is the heading, it ought to be planned in a way with the goal that it can effectively draw consideration of the workers or the individuals for whom the notification has been structured. Notification are for the most part imprinted in the paper and set in the notification leading body of any association (Thill and Bove 2013). Pamphlets are enlightening papers that are utilized by any association for giving data identified with the association or any item related data, in instructive associations handouts are utilized for giving data about the organization and furthermore have significant standards and guidelines. Handouts are standard report that are utilized to give data to the clients generally. Leaflets are single overlay, bi-crease or it be planned with different overlap according to the prerequisite of the data, the length of the data (Springer, Cham. May and May 2014). Indeed, every one of the components satisfies the target they are intended for. They configuration utilized for the records is extremely fitting, the target of the message is obvious from the subject segment itself, the body of the notification and business letters explains the message all the more plainly. The body part give the data about the purpose behind the message or the report (Sen et al. 2014). Business letter for the clients Our organization has chosen to open an online entrance for our clients to book taxis on the web. In light of the examination we directed, reviews and inputs from our clients we came to realize that clients are thinking that its hard to books taxis, a portion of our clients likewise recommended that online entrance will be an entirely reasonable answer for this issue. In light of the recommendations we have made our online entrance, where the clients can proceed to book taxis on the web, they can enter their area and the taxi will pick them from their area and drop them to their ideal area. A preparing charge will be charged on all the appointments that will add up to $10. I might want to advise every one of our clients about the new office of online site and welcome them to utilize this administration be profited by the administration by simply paying $12 handling charge. The archives that will be utilized for giving preparing to the lesser workers will be Pamphlets are records that are utilized to give data; the leaflets for the preparation program will be made to pr

Helpful Informative Essay Writing Guidelines and Strategies

Helpful Informative Essay Writing Guidelines and Strategies Students write informative essays to educate readers about their chosen topics. To write a good one, you need to know a lot about your subject and use information in a clear manner. If this assignment seems overwhelming, take small steps and work methodically to make it easier and succeed. Get a better understanding of how to write an informative essay and earn good grades. Informative essay: definition All students write this type of paper. To get a better insight of its concept, you need to know its definition. Any informative essay is a piece of academic writing that educates the targeted audience about a particular topic. It shouldn’t be argumentative or persuasive. Its final goal is to ensure that readers learn something interesting and new. Your informative essay should compare controversial viewpoints about a given subject. How to write an informative essay Research is an important part of essay writing, and it’s all about your smooth and systematic investigation of both primary and secondary resources to give strong facts of your specified issue. Use the Internet to find useful information because it takes less time, effort, and nerves. How to handle research process When studying available sources of information, write down their dates of publishing, how relevant their facts are, and if the authority accredited them. You should exclude any sources that offer opinions on the chosen matter, such as critical articles and reviews. Pay attention to primary sources, such as: Academic journals and print newspapers; Books and e-books; Official reports and scientific magazines; Documentaries and movies; Accredited sites and research papers. Find and use only facts and put direct or indirect quotes with special marks and narrowed references in parentheticals to give corresponding proofs in your informative essay. Take notes to highlight major ideas because your basic goal is to inform the audience. Save time by providing detailed descriptions and facts instead of persuading readers that your stance is right while opponents are wrong. Format reference in academic essay writing Everything that you quote from both primary and secondary sources of information should be references properly. It’s possible to do that with endnotes and footnotes, or you can put brackets at the end of quotes or sentences with them. Whatever referencing method you choose, use it throughout your informative essay and stick to the right format. There are different referencing formats to choose from, including APA, MLA, and others. Read assignment guidelines or talk to your teachers to choose the right one. Informative essay examples Informative papers are difficult academic assignments for some students because explaining specific concepts may take more critical thinking than they expect. That’s why they end up submitting a poor-written essay and getting poor grades for this effort. If you don’t want to have the same problem, use informative essay examples to avoid common pitfalls and get detailed guides. Informative essay outline All informative essays are written in a standard style, and this means that they consist of body paragraphs, concluding and introductory sections: The introduction presents a major argument in an interesting and exciting manner; Body paragraphs support a thesis; The conclusion wraps up information and explains its significance. Informative essay introduction This paragraph should start with an intriguing hook statement to grab readers’ attention. Ensure that it’s relevant to the chosen topic by using an informative rhetorical question. Give any background context that others should understand while reading your paper. Your thesis is the last sentence of the introduction, and you need to construct it correctly. Informative essay body paragraphs writing The main body should defend your thesis. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence. Don’t forget to create smooth transitions and link such sentences to the main point of your essay. Include target points that you must prove and their supporting details or outside validations that enrich your thesis. After introducing topic sentences, make a claim or a major argument. The quality of your informative essay depends on how well it defends your thesis, so each claim should be strong enough. Next, introduce your reliable evidence to validate it. For example, you can take quotes from some reputable documents, such as articles or journals. Present an explanation of your claim or display how it proves your thesis. To gain more validation points, feel free to go into more depth without presenting too much information. To conclude body paragraphs, write a special sentence that offers an overall synopsis of your presented arguments. Its key purpose is to display assertiveness and prove that your stance is correct. This sentence provides your informative essay with more strength while making your thesis look sharp. Write an informative essay conclusion After giving all major arguments, it’s time to wrap up your paper. Its conclusion should restate your thesis while sharing final insights and thoughts on the chosen topic. Explain it in other words and give enough room for smooth transitions. That’s because you need to restate an impact of every argument. To finish your informative essay effectively, come up with a strong concluding statement, which serves as a brief explanation of the importance of your arguments. Explain why your informative essay is valuable and where it can be applied. Good informative essay topics If teachers don’t assign a topic for your informative paper, you can choose your own subject. Many students are stuck on this step, especially if they have many options to choose from. Take enough time and follow helpful guidelines to make the right choice. Ensure that your chosen topic is neither too narrow nor too broad. You should have enough facts about it to write about without making your paper a novel. Your topic should be interesting and attractive to the targeted audience. Look for something that interests you to make the entire essay writing process more pleasant and beneficial. Sometimes, tutors may require speeches or presentations that come along with your informative paper. That’s why you should choose the topic interesting to many people and ensure that you can explain it clearly. 15 top informative essay topics If you have problems with choosing a good topic for your informative essay, take a look at these top examples. The main trick is to select the general subject that your audience will relate to and narrow it down to a certain angle to ensure that the data you offer won’t be any common knowledge. The origin of the mankind; Traces of proto-language in modern languages; The main reason behind procrastination; Artificial intelligence; Reasons and causes for any addiction; Why do people see dreams? Maximizing financial effectiveness; The origin of the universe; The history of human rights; How does the Internet work? How do 3D glasses work? Nanotechnology; The origin of any language; Legalization of drugs; How do you think pizza is made? Informative essay topics for college students If you’re stuck at choosing a good topic for your paper, check this list of suitable ideas for college students: Different types of pollution; Modern ecological issues; Why a healthy diet is so important; Plastic surgery in the modern medical world; The negative consequences of eating fast food; Domestic violence; How people can protect the wild nature; The history if the automotive industry; The Internet is the revolutionary invention; Slow food is a new trend; Basic trends in alternative medicine; How to overcome regular stress; The history of social networks; The dangers of regular smoking; Leading a healthy lifestyle. Informative essay topics for middle school Your family member that you want to be line and look up to; Your favorite toy that you still can’t let go of; What is your favorite book and why? What sports do you like? Describe basic rules; What is a computer and how does it work? What is your favorite dish and how do you suppose it’s cooked? Who were the founding fathers of America? What is the movie that you absolutely hate? Why do you dislike it that much? Describe the first successful space exploration mission; Why is discipline important in the life of any student? A woman you idolize and reasons to do that; Tell readers more about a butterfly’s lifespan; The First World War and its harsh consequences; The developments and history of the monarchy. Relatively easy informative essay topics Effective ways to find a way out of legal situations; Basic things that all business startups must take into account; Methods to get rid of a drug addiction; General information about gun control; Basic causes and treatments of child obesity; Bullying in modern schools; Will people ever be able to clone human beings? Do preventive disciplinary measures in modern schools help teachers improve students’ behavior? Deforestations and its harmful effects; Specific traits that make people with bipolar disorder stand out. If you still face any difficulties at any stage of your informative essay writing process, don’t hesitate to turn to professionals who know what to do and how to help you earn higher grades with ease.

The Anthem For The Civil Rights Movement - 2037 Words

â€Å"We Shall Overcome† by Peter Seeger, many would describe to be the anthem for the Civil Rights Movement or 1960s Civil Rights Movement (sometimes referred to as the African-American Civil Rights Movement although the term African American was not widely used in the 1950s and 1960s). It encompasses social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law. During this period many folk and blues artistes’ music were protest songs, to speak out against the justice of Blacks and other unconstitutional acts. These music not only protested the injustice but it brought together people of all ethnicity/race, social class and regions, in solidarity to form a major campaigns of civil resistance. The conventional protest melodies in the United States goes way beyond the nineteen cent ury and into the colonial period, the American Revolutionary War and the corollary. In the nineteenth century topical subjects for protest songs included abrogation, subjugation, destitution, and the Civil War among different subjects. In the twentieth century civil liberties, women s rights, financial injustice, governmental issues and war were among the well-known subjects for protest songs. This paper will explore the protest song â€Å"We Shall Overcome† and its impact on the civil rights movement and theShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On The Kneeling Movement1437 Words   |  6 PagesStar-Spangled Banner has been instilled in almost every citizen in America as the National Anthem. It is ingrained that every person should show respect to the flag and the nation. In almost every classroom, students are told to stand facing the American flag with a hand over their heart and recite the pledge, or during any sporting, event fans are asked to stand to face the flag as a gues t performer sings the National Anthem. This is an American tradition that everyone is expected to follow. However, whatRead MoreThe North And The South1257 Words   |  6 Pagesabolitionists encouraged a Civil War through their actions of protest. Abolitionists foresaw a Civil War because the growing tensions between the North and the South became apparent in political and social changes, slavery issues, and the growing occurrence of rebellions. Political and social changes occurred in many ways. One example of a social change includes The Second Great Awakening. As a result, the massive religious movement caused a numerous amount of reform movements such as abolitionism, publicRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On Civil Rights916 Words   |  4 Pagesnamed during the Civil War, fought during the 1960s, and is still lingering in modern society. C. I’m not African American, but I am an ally; I have friends and loved ones who are African American, and I cannot stand by and watch people die. D. This speech is about civil inequality in the 1960s, the importance of standing up against it, and how discrimination is still very much woven into the fabric of our society today. II. Body of Presentation A. In the 1960s, civil rights became an increasinglyRead MoreDon t Criticize What You Can t Understand1084 Words   |  5 Pagesculture. As a protest singer growing up in a racially tense time affected by the Vietnam War, he was heavily influenced by his background and the social issues of his time. He rose to prominence from â€Å"Blowin’ in the Wind† (which became an enduring anthem) and many other songs that influenced the young generation of the 1960s. Bob Dylan’s interest for music started from a young age. Born on May 24, 1941 as Robert Allen Zimmerman, he started writing poems at age ten (Jarnow). By the time he was a teenagerRead MoreThe American National Anthem By Francis Scott1075 Words   |  5 PagesBanner†). This symbolism of the strength of the American Flag, reflected upon in Keys’ lyrics, became the National Anthem a century later (Klein); and is still respectively sung today. The American National Anthem provokes images of glory, pride, family, and the American Dream in the minds of those who take part in singing. Athletic events are associated with the pride of the national anthem. Fans sing to pay respect and honor American soldiers: without soldiers fighting citizens would not have the freedomRead MoreJim Crow Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 1877 throughout 1950 Jim Crow Laws have played a disturbing role in the lives of African American people. Although Jim Crow Laws were dismantled in th e 1950’s, its legacy continues to discriminate against African Americans and as a result, movements that fight against hate continue to surface. The purpose of Jim Crow laws was to separate black and white people from even the slightest bit of contact. In the early 1800’s white people believed blacks only existed to be put to work. They felt asRead MoreBlues Music Is Still Based On Emotional Pain914 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity, and encouraged his people to stand up for their rights. The 60’s were a tumultuous time for race relations in America, and this song became an anthem for the black power movement. I feel this song is a representation of blues music because James Brown uses this song for a more than just entertainment. He uses it as an inspiration to help black Americans to rise out of their dark times of segregation and fight for their rights. Brown’s intension for this song was a positive message to blackRead MoreEssay On Kneeling And The National Anthem1401 Words   |  6 Pages Kneeling to the National Anthem On September 21st, Christine Brennan reported Colin Kaepernick’s refusal to stand while the national anthem was being played in National Public Radio’s (NPR) online portal (www.npr.org). All through the National Football League s preseason matches, Colin Kaepernick, a quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers, refused to stand for the national anthem. He clarified that he took this stance to point out what he sees as wrongdoings against African-Americans and differentRead MoreThe Movie The Star Spangled Banner 1991 Words   |  8 Pagescitizens to honor their country and reflect on the great liberties that they are afforded. It sounds simple but the anthem has become complicated. This is America 2016, a time where police officers are getting away with murder and a businessman is elected as our president. When the quarterback of the San Francisco 49ers Colin Kaepernick decided to not stand for the playing of the national anthem in the pre-season game of the NFL, he was the first athlete to vividly illustrate his outrage over the policeRead MoreMusic That Made The Movement1495 Words   |  6 Pages Music that Made the Movement The United States is a country which was formed by the hard work of the First Nations people, the British, and African Americans. Unfortunately, blacks were subjected to slavery. In the 1900’s blacks were becoming more discontented, thus began the emergence of the civil rights movement. Along with rallies and peaceful protests, music played a very important role in bringing change to a society where white supremacy reigned. In addition to their efforts, jazz and blues

Comparing Chinese Culture in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club...

Chinese Culture Exposed in Joy Luck Club and Kitchen Gods Wife Traditional Chinese customs are described in great detail in Amy Tans books. This rich culture adds interesting and mesmerizing detail to the intricate stories of both The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife. Traditions are apparent throughout all of the stories in The Joy Luck Club. One of the first instances is in the story from Ying-Ying St. Clair entitled The Moon Lady. Ying-Ying is describing the Festival of the Moon Lady, a festival dedicated to the lady who lives on the moon and once a year comes down to earth to grant your secret wish--something you want but cannot ask. This excerpt describes proper traditional dress (ornate clothing†¦show more content†¦Tyan-yu would be the leftover of his fathers spirit. But his father lived and his grandmother became scared that the ghosts would turn their attention to this baby boy and take him instead. So they watched him carefully, made all his decisions, and he became very spoiled (44). This passage shows that Tyan-yu is a spoiled baby who is selfish. It also shows that an unhappy marriage is in the cards for Lindo. Later, as she approaches the age of twelve, she is sent to live with Huang Taitai and Tyan-yu to become accustomed to their lifestyle and learn to be a good wife. She lives like this, unhappy, for four years until she turns sixteen. When she reaches the proper age, the wedding is planned. Lindo says Huang Taitai made elaborate plans, but our wedding was very small. She had asked the entire village and friends and family from other cities as well. In those days, you didnt do RSVP. It was not polite not to come...The cook and her helpers prepared hundreds of dishes. My familys old furniture had been shined up into an impressive dowry and placed in the front parlor...Huang Taitai had even commissioned someone to write felicitous messages on red banners...And she had arranged to rent a red palaquin to carry me from her neighbors house to the ceremony (52). The last tradition that is described in great detail in this story is that of the red candle. This was a traditional wedding custom. The candle had two ends

Alcoholism Culturally Free Essays

Alcoholism can be defined in accordance to three distinct dimensions. Culturally, alcoholism is defined as a form of deviant drinking behavior that falls outside what culture perceives as the acceptable limits of alcohol consumption. This means that in some societies alcoholic behavior may be viewed as normative as opposed to cultural; perceptions in another society. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism Culturally or any similar topic only for you Order Now Behaviorally, alcoholism assumes definitions that distinct between alcohol use, misuse and abuse. In this context alcohol misuse denotes the expression of adverse consequences of alcohol use. Alcohol abuse is definitive of a pattern of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption the effects of which express themselves as adverse physical, social and or behavioral consequences. Physiologically, alcoholism is defined with respect to alcohol addiction, habituation or dependence. Despite this diversity of definitions only the medical definition of alcoholism offers a succinct distinction as it relies on both the behavioral and physiologically based definitions(Steinglass, 31). Alcoholism can thus be defined as an addictive dependency on alcohol induced craving accompanied by loss of control, complete physical dependence on alcohol and withdrawal symptoms Medically therefore alcoholism is understood to be a product of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcoholism is caused by grossly intricate, complex, interconnected and interrelated psychological, physiological, social and genetic factors (Kansal Kamal 1). Usually a variety of factors lead to the development of alcoholism. Social factors include the influence of friends, peers, family, the availability of alcohol, and the perceptions of the society. Psychological factors include inadequate coping mechanisms, elevated stress levels, and reinforcement of the use of alcohol from other drinkers. There is also a growing controversy over evidences that alcoholism may be caused by biologic and genetic predispositions (Powell 24). Recent genetic studies have confirmed that when D2 dopamine receptor gene is passed on from the parents to the siblings in a specific form, chances of developing alcoholism are enhanced. Alcohol addiction or rather physical dependence on alcohol follows a gradual drinking pattern. With every pint of alcohol consumed the balance of chemicals in the brain like gamma aminobutyric acid which is responsible for the inhibition of impulsiveness, and another neurochemical glutamate which is responsible for nervous system excitation, are altered. Alcohol raises dopamine levels in the brain hence creating the pleasurable feeling that is usually associated with alcohol consumption. With time, excessive alcohol consumption depletes or increases the levels of such neurochemicals. The resultant effect is that a level of craving is created where an individual will have to additively consume alcohol to restore good feelings or degenerate into withdrawal symptoms. Based on studies comparing the size of amygdala, researchers have been able to significantly correlate the size of amygdala and the addiction process. Because the size of amygdala is inherited and that it is home to neurotransmitters, it may contain the link between alcoholism and psychological predisposing factors such as stress and anxiety. It is also postulated that inheritance of a dysfunction in serotonin transmission my be to blame for the degree of alcohol tolerance. Since serotonin is involved in well being behaviors such as eating, relaxing, sleeping as well as aggressive and impulsive behaviors any dysfunction in its transmission is bound to predispose an individual to alcoholism. Factors that contribute to the addiction process can be sub categorized as; genetic factors, emotional state factors, physiological factors, and socio-cultural factors. Genetic factors may cause an individual to develop a degree of vulnerability. This vulnerability is caused by an imbalance in neurochemicals. Emotional state factors can either be stress, emotional pain or anxiety. These factors predispose a one to engage in alcohol consumption as a means of blanketing out undesirable emotions. Some hormones that are responsible for the development of stress, anxiety and depression have also been incriminated in the progression to alcoholism. Socio-cultural factors play a very important role in the development of alcoholism. Some cultures perceive alcohol as a rite of adulthood or manliness. In such culture the media has been instrumental in glamorizing the consumption of alcohol through catchy phrasals and visuals. Such adverts which are obviously aimed at increasing the profitability of the sponsor mislead a huge chunk of the general populace in thinking that excessive alcohol consumption is the modernized version of entertainment. Alcoholism is a medical condition and as such it is expressed as symptomatic progressive disease. This disease is predominantly diagnosed through adverse effects and behaviors. The adverse effects are based on functioning. Two basic diagnostic criteria are used. Usually alcohol abuse or alcoholism is related with a broad range of psychiatric, medical, social, legal, economic, occupational and family problems. So many of these symptoms are related to the descriptive of stage of dependency. Early signs of the disease include; frequent pursuit of intoxication which progresses into a well established heavy drinking pattern. During these circumstances an individual may blackout, experienced a drastic change in demeanor while consuming alcohol and exhibit impulsive behaviors such as anger and unaccustomed violence. Other symptoms include; drunken driving, absence from work, shirking of responsibilities and basically having trouble with the law. In the absence of alcohol dependence acute intoxication can be fatal or cause mental damage. Another symptom is family problems. In most cases individuals suffering from alcoholism may be characterized by divorce, child abuse and neglect, spouse abuse, criminal behaviors and welfare dependence. The problem is even more worsened if the alcoholics themselves strive to conceal and develop a culture of denial even though they can discern the cause of family problems. Fro this reason thousands of people suffering from alcoholism pass unrecognized by health professionals. Medically symptoms may be expressed in the form of alcoholism related diseases such as gastritis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, neuropathy, cerebral atrophy, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Korsakoff’s dementia, seizures, central pontine myelinolysis, confusion, hallucinations, peptic ulcers, malnutrition and gastrointestinal bleeding (www. mayoclinic. com). A second basic diagnostic criterion relies on the family history of alcoholism. When children from families without any history of . alcoholism are compared with those from families with a history of alcoholism, it is easy to demonstrate the fact that children of alcoholics are at an elevated risk of alcohol abuse, misuse and alcoholism. Moreover, history of alcoholism may also predispose the younger children to other forms of drug abuse, anxiety disorders, conduct problems and a host of psychiatric disorders. All these are predisposing risk factors. Just like any disease, alcoholism can also be mitigated by a set of medical and non medical interventions. Depending on various circumstances, the treatment program may encompass, an evaluation followed by a brief intervention. After this brief intervention the patient will be undertaken though an outpatient program and counseling or in other cases a residential inpatient stays (www. mayoclinic. com). Evaluation is mainly involves the determination of the level of dependence. Residential treatment programs carry out strategies like abstinence, alcoholism support groups (such as alcoholics anonymous), individual therapy and or group therapy, activity therapy, family involvement, educational lectures and in depth counseling programs. Medical interventions mainly include the treatment and management of the alcohol related diseases and disorders. Works Cited Alcoholism. http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/alcoholism Kansal, Kamal Kamal, Kansal. (2004). Homoeopathic Family Kit. B. Jain Publishers, p. 1-5 Powell. (2005). Alcohol. Black Rabbit Books, p. 24-25 Steinglass, Peter. (1988). The Alcoholic Family: Drinking Problems in a Family Context Taylor Francis, p. 30-40 How to cite Alcoholism Culturally, Papers

Financial Reporting for Decision Making E-Marketing

Question: Discuss about Financial Reporting for Decision Making of E-Marketing. Answer: 1. Jeremy used the carsales.com website for purchasing his new car Ferrari. It must be noted that the company is concerned with the online classified and advertisement of cars during the financial year. The company also provides software data, financing the sales of cars and other predominant services to its customers. The directors report states that there were several indicators of domestic sales during the financial year, which contributed to the entire business performances of car sales.com. Key indicators of car sales.com during the financial year shows a 7% growth on the revenues of the retailers, which consisted of yields from premium advertisements of products. In addition to this, the company is usually interested in online mode off advertisement operating under the high growth international markets. Speaking about the revenues of carsales.com its private revenues experienced positive a growth of 8% in the automobile market having strong B2C segments arising out of sale of tyres. According to the directors report the performance is also dependent on the ability of the company to monitor and manage the chief aspects of projects. These projects mainly comprises of upgrading the websites and several other projects comprising of information technology. The reason for disagreement is that after considering both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of directors report, it is evident that Car sales is not a retailer but it is an advertisement company dealing in classified. Its main sources of revenue are exchanges obtained from the differences on the translation of foreign operational functions. 2: The issues that have been identified based on the Jeremys statement are as follows; Financial aspects: Car sales.com is a website, which deals in the sales of financial services with fewer amount of investment but high volume of profit margin. The financial aspects of car sales.com states that the company generally sells first hand cars to the customers and with the primary aim of promoting its websites (shareholder.carsales.com 2016). Whereas, the Car Max INC is trading in old cars so it may evident that car max is earning more income however, the profit margin is less than the carsales.com. It is because the car sales has low rate of investment with high margin of revenues. Operating aspects: Car max INC sells used cars but car sales on the other hand sell both first hand and second hand cars to its customer. The issues identified that is that carsales.com has direct tie up with the car companies therefore; it can provide cars to the customers at low prices. Hence, from the customers perspective carsales.com is widely accepted for making any purchase decision. Marketing aspects: Car sales consists of websites marketing, as it has the capability to reach more number of customers through the help of internet than that of car max INC which only reaches to the customers who are located nearby to its retail outlets. Therefore, the customers instead of looking around for the price of the cars it can move to the carsales.com websites to know the price of the cars. Reference list: Frank, J.F. and Pamela, P.P., 2016. Financial Management and Analysis. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Shareholder.carsales.com, (2016). [online] Available at: https://shareholder.carsales.com. [Accessed 17 Jul. 2016]. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge.

The novel progresses Essay Example For Students

The novel progresses Essay There is no question that there is pain and intense suffering in this world. Some of it is explained by selfish, hateful actions on the part of others while other people are left to suffer whether it is physical, mental, or emotional pains. It is something that we do not deserve. The meaning to suffer is a sign of consequences but also can serve as a beneficial sign as in strengthen our inner faith and a reminder of our wrongdoings. One of these cases comes from the novel, Rush Home Road, by Lori Lansens where the main character, Addy Shadd faces some of these requirements and learns to overcome them the hard way. Throughout her past, Addys three stages of struggle gradually worsen as the novel progresses. One of the struggles that cause a permanent mark in Addys life was her difficult, unbalanced relationship with her mother. At the age of fifteen, she learns to be independent and enjoys showing off her physical appearance which her mother did not approve of. We will write a custom essay on The novel progresses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her mother, Laisa, was concerned about her daughter becoming a grown woman and was fully aware of glances coming from older men. She quoted, you aint no beauty, Adelaide Shadd, and its just as well to know that now. You got stick-out ears and hood eyes, and a long face like your Daddy, (Lansens 34). Laisa comments on this to prevent Addy from thinking thoughts of using her body as a centre of attention for men, especially Chester Monk, the love of her life. Addy hated receiving insults and negative feedback from her mother and felt like a useless person carrying them around. Laisa expresses no signs of affection or support that every daughter needs from their mother. Without love and care from her mother, Addy has a hard time balancing her difficult, misunderstanding relationship with her mother and loses the part of who she truly is. Therefore, she struggles in this way and depends on herself without the care from her mother. Impregnated and raped as a young teenager, Addy encounters her second stage of struggle. Raped by her fathers closest friend, she ends up in a world of confusion and guilt and questions herself why this is happening. Her parent no longer stood by her side and blames no one but herself for this matter, it didnt matter what Laisa and Wallace had been told. It didnt matter what they believed. The only truth was that Addy was to blame (Lansens 91). With both parents turning down on her with the exception of her brother, Addy remains motionless with the feeling of guilt planted inside her. The role of isolation bears within her with no sign of help and security. As a result, the struggling force enters in Addy and enhances her suffering even more by the cause and effect of rape. When death comes without warning, shock and disbelief can be overwhelming. This can be especially intense when the death is instantaneous and violent. In her final stage of finding her struggle, Addy faces the death situation of her daughter, Chick and her husband Mose in a train accident. All her life, Addy always wanted to raise a family of her own and wanted to move on with her new life ahead of her. Her dreams were soon shattered after realizing the death of her two loved ones leaving her isolated once again. She remembers her daughters last words, I got my Daddy for company. You have her, all right, Mama? (Lansens 453). Chick gives her doll to her mother to make sure that Addy remembers her daughter. The doll is the only memory left for Addy to treasure as a replacement of Chick. After the accident, Addy forgotten the taste of good times spending with her family and finding some way of accepting the way how God had intended to do with them. .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .postImageUrl , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:hover , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:visited , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:active { border:0!important; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:active , .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476 .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43e8016bfaaf62f1084278f9883cf476:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Myth of sisyphus EssayAnd so, Addy had found struggle in which it puts her into desertion and away from the chance of happiness. In each stage representing struggle, all bare a great price in which impacted greatly on Addy, leaving her thoughts on human nature and life itself. Though some of these events are common in this world, it is still hard to question the pain and hardships struggles that every individual has to deal with. It is possible that we may relate our situation with Addys world and trying to overcome the struggles that she has done.

Pollution Lake Huron Essay Example

Pollution Lake Huron Essay Example Pollution Lake Huron Paper Pollution Lake Huron Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution Obviously, this type of pollution is easier to trace and manage. Non-point source pollution is defined as having contaminants that cannot be traced back to a single source or location. It may come from multiple sources in small amounts but can become concentrated in a body of water. The last type is atmospheric pollution, also referred to as air pollution and is defined as gases or solid particles such as soil which are found in the air and can settle in bodies of water. The contaminants described above come from a number of sources including storm sewers, spills, landfills and can enter Lake Huron via variety of methods including atmospheric deposition, direct discharges and tributaries. The effects on the economy are many and the most important one would the effects that these contaminants can have on human health. Pollutants that persist in the waters of Lake Huron can accumulate through the food chain in fish for instance. Frequent consumption of fish from these waters can cause high levels of toxic chemicals including EDT, dioxin, PCs, etc. ICC have been attributed to reproductive problems, neurological disorders and cancers. Those with weakened immune systems should Stay away from consuming fish from these waters. Other health issues can arise when drinking water becomes contaminated which can cause skin infections and batterer contaminations. Below is an example of point source pollution republished from womanlinesss. Com [pica Other economic factors to consider are the costs it will take to implement solutions to the pollution issues.

NASA Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NASA Case Study - Essay Example Even without physical examination, a break on the tubing means an inappropriate strength of materials used, as it was not able to withstand the pressure. One could quickly suggest poor estimation, poor quality of materials, and the aircraft mechanics were not really proficient or experts, or simply that the material engineers and management were simply experimenting on strength of materials having taken the risk. In the first place, before the materials were used it should have been accurately tried and tested to efficiently serve the function from launch time to the time when the spacecraft could have safely landed back on its pad on earth Definitely, the tragedy of Columbia Space Shuttle in 2003 was a learning lesson for the National Aeronautics Space Administration. But, it could have been prevented. Obviously, minor problems should be given the highest attention for resolution. This means that considering the extreme risk of a space travel by a space craft, no single edge of flaw should be tolerated. In other words, there should be a zero flaw on space shuttle structure and function. Moreover, a spacecraft should not have been attempted launched even for a single or minor imperfection. A completed checklist on parts and function should have been confirmed and reconfirmed by the experts to get a 101% assurance of perfection before set off. There should be ‘no rock left unturned’. Otherwise, there should be no room or space for ambiguity because everything can be calculated closest to precision considering previous projects of similar nature and the perspectives gained by the organizational manpower. In reality, the tragedy should not have happened (Roberto et al, 2006). Gross negligence is a real management problem and not simple ambiguity. This is because this is a scientific undertaking which follows protocol scientific pattern of doing things. Extensive

COLOURIMETRY PARACETAMOL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COLOURIMETRY PARACETAMOL - Essay Example Colourimetry is an extremely useful technique in establishing the concentration of substances. This is achieved by preparing a known concentration series of about 4 solutions, after which their absorbance is determined after the addition of colour by a reagent. The absorbance values give a calibration curve from which the concentration of an unknown substance is established. This technique is useful in the determination of metal ions alloys and biological fluids. Numerous industrial and clinical experiments report the successful usage of colorimetric procedures in the establishment of the concentrations of chemical substances. For example, the determination of vitamin E in food, trace amounts of platinum in glass, flavonoids in food, and detection of alpha fetoproteins among many other uses. Paracetamol (4-acetamedophenol) is a commonly used painkiller that lessens the temperature of fever patients. Its pain reducing effects are known as analgesic effects whereas its fever reduction action is called the antipyretic effect. Numerous over the counter medications contain paracetamol especially those meant for the relief of colds and flu. The most common form is the 500 mg tablet though other formulations such as suspensions and suppositories also exist. Paracetamol is quickly taken in from the gastrointestinal tract and attains peak plasma concentrations in about an hour. The cytochrome P450 system metabolises it into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinamine (NAPQI), a toxin that is entirely detoxified through conjugation with glutathione and excreted. Paracetamol is a fairly safe drug. However, doses greater than 10 grams have been reported to cause toxicity (Bose et al. 2005). This experiment aimed at using colourimetry as a chemical technique to make a calibration curve of absorbance a gainst concentration for known paracetamol concentrations and using it to obtain the concentration of paracetamol in the sample with the unknown concentration. Materials and Method 100 ml of 0.002M paracetamol solution was prepared by dissolving the right quantity of the drug in 10 ml of sodium chloride solution and topping up to 100 ml. This was the stock solution for the experiment. 1.0 ml of 6M HCl and 2 ml of 10% sodium nitrite were added to each of the seven labelled test tubes. Paracetamol and water were then added to the tubes in predetermined quantities after which the tubes were methodically mixed and allowed to rest for about 2 minutes. 2 ml of 15% sodium sulphamate were carefully added to the test tubes followed by 2.5 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide. The tubes were shaken for 15 seconds and allowed to stand for 2 minutes. This allowed all the bubbles to disperse. The absorbance of the contents of tubes 2 to 7 was then read at a wavelength of 430 nanometers using tube 1 as the blank. The values of absorbance were recorded for each concentration of paracetamol. A calibration graph of absorbance against concentration (mol/L) was then plotted and used to approximate the concentration

Negotiation occurs in business

Negotiation occurs in business 1. Executive summary The thirst for power, growth and global recognition has made countries source for wealth and power through the process of Negotiating with each other. The term Negotiation can be said to be a dialogue. Resolving disputes to reach an agreement upon course of action or to bargain for individual or collective advantage. Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, and government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. Nigeria, the most populous country in the whole of Africa with a population of about 140million, is a multi-cultural country where large multi-ethnic groups negotiate everyday for the growth of the country. In this report you will see the pattern in which Nigeria communicates and negotiates when it comes to doing business and how its culture affects its decision making and life style. 1.1 Communication and Negotiation style in Nigeria: Personal relationship is very important to them Trust is required to conduct business Age is considered indicative of wisdom An older business person is always put in a negotiating plan Titles are always used depending on the status of that person. E.g. Chief, Mr, Mrs, Engineer etc. Companies are hierarchical Ultimate decision-making rests with the CEO Decisions are reached slowly If one is not patient with decision making you will give offence and that alone can put your business relationship at risk Getting decisions from government officials can be extremely protracted Nigerians can be tough bargainers They state their position clearly and may get into heated decisions One is expected to honour any promise made Initial agreement is generally verbal-followed by contract Nigerians expect flexibility in working out the details. This is due to the fact that they are not time conscious. It can take longer than proposed or expected to get the job done 2. Terms of reference As a reporter by name Sarah Aghorighor born in Nigeria, I was approached by an investor from china who has invested in so many companies. He would like one of his firm which deals with electronics to do business with a Nigerian importer. My client, Mr Young Chan a successful investor, who owns over 30 firms in China wants me to write a brief on how Nigerians communicates and negotiates with other countries and if culture affect their way of doing business. 3. Overview of the situation Living in Nigeria requires one with survival instinct, the ability to multi task, strong business orientation, self confidence and a fearless heart. Living in Nigeria change ones attitude towards life, work and its environment either good or bad but I think in this case it changes it for good. Nigerian life style is governed by cultural values that â€Å"make up† its society. These values govern how they live, work and interact. However, culture is not just about us but the people we live with. Ferraro (1997) shared his view on culture as everything that people have, think, and do as members of their society. His view considers material objects, values and beliefs as well as behavioural patterns of a people to be components that define culture. However, culture is not in born; it is acquired through learning and interacting with ones environment. Nigeria is situated on the gulf of Guinea in west Chad. Its neighbours are Benin, Niger, Cameroon and Chad while the lower course of the Nigeria river flows south through the western part of the country into the gulf of Guinea swamps and mangrove forest border the south coast inland are hardwood forest. The country gained its independence October 1st 1960 becoming members of commonwealth of nation and joining the United Nation. Although Nigeria has had its up and down in the past, it is still known as one of the richest country in the world. Trading on cassava, woods, fishing etc is one of Nigeria fastest way of growing economically and making wealth apart from its oil business. Nigeria has a very strong tradition which governs the land and its business. In addition, Nigeria is known for a strong tradition in literature, theatre, arts and craft and is now coming up in its music which is culturally tide to a particular style and also the film industries. Nigeria has good and natural resources, when investment is made on its land there is always a positive result, provided rules are obeyed. As a Nigerian through this research it was brought to my attention that Nigeria and China are like brothers. They share a lot in common and above all their negotiating style is the same irrespective of the fact that they are both from different parts of the world. One major factor is that both countries are cultural. 4. Analysis of the situation In my years of practise as a reporter I have come to realise that certain issues affects man and its environment. This can affect them socially, economically and even politically and when it does things changes in that country, living them in a state of confusion. Everyone negotiates one way or another known and unknown to us, this makes us live together as one. While negotiating before making / taking any decision we must consider the feasibility of the intended action or business to be embarked upon. With this in mind, we would like to examine, by way of analysis, our options in order to resolve these issues. The principle tool used for this research is PEST analysis. PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors of the external environment. That is, the external factors that is usually beyond the firms control that may constitute threats to the organization. Thus, PEST analysis is found suitable for this paper because it is expected to unveil issues that may arise during negotiation process and offers possible suggestion that will fast-track the process. Each of the factors considered in PEST analysis is composed of several other issues for analysis, but the ones chosen for this research are as follow: Political analysis: we considered the political and the democratic processes in Nigeria; the risk of military invasion; trade and price regularization. Economic analyses: we considered the poverty level and inflation rate. Social analysis: we considered the demographics. Technological analysis: we considered the recent technological developments; the rate and diffusion of telephone or Internet services. 4.1 Political Analysis Due to the long years of military rule which lasted for about 30 years out of 47 years of independence, the rate of development in Nigeria has remained low. This reign was classified as an economic depression, lack of vision, inadequate infrastructural development etc. I think it was just plain illiteracy from the military, but ever since the civilians took over there has been transformation throughout their journey. Since 1999 when military regime handed over to civilians, Nigeria has witness great developments in technology, economy and politically. Since then the nation aimed to sanitize the economy and polity in general such as: Bank recapitalization which reduced from 89 weak banks to 25 strong ones, making 12 of them listed among the first 1000 banks in the world. This feat has never been achieved before (Soludo 2007); also telecom has made the country be the fastest growing telecommunication JIB August 2008, Vol. 13, No. 2. In the major sector of the economy such as transporta tion, mineral resources, oil and gas, there is high hopes for foreign investments. 4.2 The Economic Analysis 4.2.1 Poverty Level Nigeria with great wealth still has economic issues. There is poverty amongst household and in the land. In 1996, the poverty rate was 46% instead of going down to 21% but sadly to say poverty sky-rocketed to 76%. The urban slums dwellers in Nigeria are about 77% while issues to be solved under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are located in urban settlement which is around 99%. In general, two-thirds if the household in Nigeria are poor, but there is hope for tomorrow. 4.2.2 Inflation Rate The inflation rate as at present: Due to militants destructive activities in Niger Delta region, the total federal revenue collection dropped 44% between 2008 and 2009 which brought the need to develop infrastructures. But overall, the economys output continues to improve as GDP rose 6.73% compared to 5.56% during the corresponding period of the previous year. Through these contributions the GDP got significant growth: agriculture, wholesale and retail trade but from the oil sector there was a decline in growth to about 4.5%. Nigeria at this point seems risky but the outlook for this country prospects for investments remain positive. 4.3 Social Analysis Nigeria is a very large country filled with lots of social activities. Yes indeed the country is over populated but it does have its wonderful side. This social analysis will be based on Lagos which is the principal port of Nigeria. The largest market in cloths, vegetables, meat and poultry, enamel and earth ware, herbs, fancy goods and fruits are located within its surroundings. Its got lots of site seeing, places to go, people to see and activities round it. Most of the people are traders and they make their living from the commerce of the city by trading, importing and exporting, shop keepers, drivers, watchmen, clerks or craftsmen etc. There is always something to be done and ways to make money. 4.3.1 Demographic Nigerians life expectancy was estimated to have increased from 40 to 51 years. Much of this is due to the decline in mortality among infants younger than one year and children ages one to four. At 1990, maternity deaths excluding deaths resulting from illegal abortions exceeded 75,000 per year. Regardless of the countries decline in fertility in the 1990s, the countrys population was expected to double by next century. Less than Nigerians 1990 population was less than fifteen thus the country expects to deal with a population of more than 200 million probably within the next twenty-five years. 4.4 Technological Analysis This is based on infrastructure, use of telephone and the level of internet usage in Nigeria. Nigeria has witnessed a commendable growth in telephone service from 2001 till date, moving from a density of 0.73 to above 37.05. Nigeria is currently rated the fastest growing telecoms industry in African (Nigeria2Day, 2007). 4.5 Environmental Factors Nigerian soil is rich in minerals which help grow crops. Despite the pollution on the environment such as oil spillage, over population and neglect of government on the land, it is still a rich place to do business. Due to the over population of the country there is cheap labour which will help facilitate the business. 4.6 Legal Factors 5. Solutions and recommendations I would suggest that before negotiating you should look closely into Nigerians way of negotiating and top companies that deals in such business and has good reputation. These people should be your target market people. With an increase in unemployment currently at its highest, labour cost is low. Larger number of unemployed skilled workers can be employed to work. If possible employ both Chinese and Nigerian citizens. Understanding cultural diffusion. This concept identifies that most innovations introduced into a culture are as a result of borrowing from other culture. Therefore, appreciating other peoples culture is imperative. Actual negotiation should be decided on its handling methods. E.g. the extents at which you adjust your style to their culture and still remain credible. Typical behaviour of patterns, attitudes, values of your negotiator should be understood. Invest in research. Employ effective use of the internet by creating a website that will facilitate purchase and delivery during both importing and exporting of goods. A good communication skill is needed. Multiple offers should be made simultaneously. 6. Forecast and outcome There will be some form of cultural differences during and after negotiation, but so long as deadlines are met and both parties work hand in hand the business will flow. Due to government and immigration rules there might be some difficulties during importation and exportation of goods. With good research and also foreigners at both ends there shouldnt be too much trouble. There should be Constant communication back to Directors to know the situation of things. 7.References Soludo C. (2007): Strategic Agenda for the Naira, accessed date, Aug. 17, 2007. Lothar Katz. (March 2008): The Negotiators Reference Guide to 50 Countries around the World http://www.onlinenigeria.com Nigeria2Day (2007): Nigeria celebrates Six Years of GSM Mobile Phones, accessed date, Sept. 3rd, 2007. Kimmel, Paul. Cultural Perspectives on International Negotiations, Journal of Social Issues, 50, (1), 1994, PP. 179-196 and Weldon, Elizabeth and Karen A. Jehn. Examining Cross-Cultural Differences in Conflict Management Behaviour: A Strategy for Future Research. The International Journal of Conflict Management 1995, 6, (4) October, pp. 387-403. Guirdham M, 2002, Interactive Behaviour at Work (3rd Edition), Essex, Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-273-65590-6

Vonnegut social commentary in cats cradle Essays -- essays research pa

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social Commentary in Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kurt Vonnegut’s science fiction novel, Cat’s Cradle, is chocked full of social commentary, satirical humor, and an overall pessimistic view on American Society. Through the fictional religion Bokononism Vonnegut introduces us to John, a young man who is writing a book about the day the atomic bomb was dropped. His research led him to the late Dr. Felix Hoenikker, a brilliant scientist who was deemed the â€Å"father of the atomic bomb.† Anxious to learn more about Hoenikker from his surviving children, John followed them to the impecunious island of San Lorenzo. In San Lorenzo John was introduced to Bokononism, the dominant (yet illegal) religion of the island; which among its many bizarre features, openly proclaimed that it was a total lie. While on the island, John also learned more about Ice Nine, the final project that Hoenikker created. Ice Nine ( a simple rearrangement of water molecules) had the ability to freeze instantly any body of w ater, due to a complex crystalline formation. Although the ice was to be Hoenikker’s great gift to the military to freeze swamps during battle, so they could move troops more efficiently; it ended up being a creation more fatal than the atomic bomb itself. Subsequently John's adventures came to a harsh, if strangely appropriate end caused by the selfishness of human nature. The moral of the story, laced with deception, ignorance, self-indulgence, and control is that life is entirely worthless and fails to serve a purpose. Yet, the comic relief and vivacity of the novel gives it power and charm, curiously contrasted with its depressing meaning.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the novel, the reader is introduced to the deceased Felix Hoenikker, a man who was full of curiosity and had an uncanny regard for everything scientific. Not only was he the father of the atomic bomb, but shortly before his death he created the destructive Ice Nine. With the ability to freeze anything liquid it was essentially the end of the world, should it get into the wrong hands. Although the original intention of the water derived destructor was to help soldiers solidify swampy muck when fighting wars, so they could easily get through was... ...uous activities he took part in at Jack’s Hobby Shop. Throughout the book, Frank is described as a quiet loner, someone who was out of the social realms of normal teenage life. Frank said â€Å"...but they didn’t know what really went on there. They would have been really surprised, especially the girls-- in they’d found out what really went on. The girls didn’t think I knew anything about girls.† (201, Vonnegut). When John asked him what he really was doing there, Frank simply said, â€Å"I was screwing Jack’s wife all day.† (Vonnegut, 201). This was Vonnegut’s way of using satire and irony to show that people make skewed judgments on others based on nothing more than what they want to believe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Cat’s Cradle is a fabulously constructed book, filled with sarcasm, wit, irony, and satire to express Vonnegut’s personal views on Human Society. Although it ends with the destruction of the world from the lethal Ice Nine, the book is somewhat redeemed by its humorous anecdotes, and clever allusions. Vonnegut successfully portrayed his pessimistic views of our society, and opened the reader up to a completely new way of thinking in terms of human nature.

Adam Revo Relaunch Essay

First of all we would like to Thank ALMIGHTY, Who is the source of all our knowledge and wisdom. Then we would particularly like to thank our respected instructor Mr. Yasir Ali Somro for providing us the opportunity to look into various aspects of Marketing. His teaching is very informative and beneficial for us in future. He has been very helpful to us in making the project and in gaining further knowledge. Then thanks to our Parents, Friends and Colleagues in making of this project. Moreover we are thankful to all our group members who have coordinated and cooperated in the making of this report. 1. Company Description The group was initiated by Sir Adamjee Haji Dawood (1880-1948) who also played a vibrant role in the birth of the state of Pakistan by acting as a financial advisor and supporter to Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah-the founding father of Pakistan. Sir Adamjee’s role as advisor gave birth to various economic institutions; the Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), Orient Airways, and the Morning Star newspaper. These were primarily established at the behest of Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah to win support of Muslims of Pakistan and facilitate them in migration to Pakistan during the partition of India in August 1947. Adam Motor Co., an assembler of Chinese SUVs and pickup trucks in Pakistan introduced an indigenous automobile Called the Revo. It is a 3576 mm long hatchback, powered by either a 800 cc or a 1051 cc petrol engine, sourced from Wuling in China. Otherwise the car is built from local parts. Adam Revo was a city car made by the now defunct Adam Motor Company of Pakistan. It was the first car to be designed & assembled in Pakistan. The Revo is being assembled at a plant in Karachi owned by Adam Motors. And the engine and transmission systems have come from China. The company plans to make 5,000units a year 2. Reasons of failure There are some main causes of failure of this project: Political As world is a global village now so foreign brands are easily available in the market. People tend to prefer foreign companies over local companies. If you want to grow your local automotive industry then one must first give tax leverage to this industry to protect their companies or else foreign companies would run the domestic country down to nothing. Lack of Government support Former Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz inaugurated Revo’s plant in 2003, Aziz promised Feroz Khan, the maker of Revo, to buy his car for the government as it was the cheapest in the country. Feroz Khan did produce suffice to cater the needs of Government who decided to buy Adam Revo instead of Mehran. The government could have easily bought 5,000-10,000 cars a year but it never fulfilled its promise and that was one of the major reasons why the project collapsed. Lack of funds Due to interest of Prime Minister, Feroz Khan produces enough to carter the Government. When Government never fulfilled its promise, debt pilled up then company had to go bankrupt. There weren’t enough funds left to rejuvenate this company and to pay off its debt. Road grip of tires Tires used were of cheap quality, bumps and surface imperfections in the road results in inevitably reduced grip on the road which leads to a harsh ride. Speed-o-Meter People didn’t like cheap Speed-o-Meter of Adam Revo, which reminds drivers of 19s car. Now days where stylish cars are easily available, people didn’t like buying car which gives them the feel of driving any vintage car so they pay extra just to have car with a bit of pizzas by paying 45-75000 extra. Lower Quality of interior plastic The car wasn’t good enough. The cheap plastic interior and hideous looks were not up to the expectations of the potential buyers of car, who rather preferred a used car than an Adam Revo. No Promotions/Advertising/Marketing plan Effective way of selling your product is to advertise it through Ads, Campaign and promotions. Adam Revo didn’t do its advertising its product; therefore only small part of the total population was aware of Adam Revo, rest still get baffled when asked about Pakistan’s first car Revo. People weren’t aware of Adam Revo how could it have earned profit. 3. Strategic Focus and plan Mission/Vision Adam Motor Company’s mission is to introduce vehicles with maximum indigenization, to price our vehicles most competitively with reliable quality, to realize highest customer satisfaction through 3S facilities, to export and to be a responsible corporate citizen. Goals Pakistani car industry to reach greater heights and eventually compete with larger car companies, within Pakistan and internationally. Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Adam Motors believe that given the right environment and training, their people can be the best in the world. They believe that all their products must contain high indigenization, reliable quality and excellent after sale service Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: Adam Motors will first try to capture market share by penetrating into market using Market-Penetration Strategy and to compete from well settled companies  like SUZUKI, HONDA, TOYOTA, and CHEVERLOTE excreta. These companies are already offering good cars and have established there names in Automobile industry. To penetrate into market Adam has its advantage of low price. Its biggest competitor is Mehran (cash cow for SUZUKI) in 800cc. Adam still has 70 to 80000 price difference from it. This strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors as there is a demand and the customers are looking for bargains. Adam Revo has an affordable price which can penetrate deep into the market for middle class people. After company increase its market share company can go for Product development strategy while developing new product for potential interest to its current markets. Once company establishes its reputation it can offer a new product in a new market by using diversification strategy. Porter Generic Strategies Cost Leadership When it comes to market Revo, Overall cost leadership Strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors to gain market. Adam Motors is considered to be lowest cost producer within industry. And there advantage over Mehran makes is highly affordable for the middle class people and giving company a competitive advantage over other automobile companies. 4. Situation Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength: The only Pakistani manufacturer: The plant can produce up to 7000-10000 cars per year. Adam Revo, Pakistan’s first automobile manufacturing industry having largest manufacturing facilities with an annual production capacity of 70,000 – 10,000 vehicles. The vehicles produced include cars, small vans, Pickups and Cargo vans. With proper management and effective marketing Adam Motor’s Revo can manufacture suffice to carter the demand and can hold more than 50% of Market Share. Low – priced car. Adam Motor’s Revo biggest strength is its low price 70,000 to 85,000 cheaper  than Suzuki’s Mehran which makes this car highly affordable. With Government intervention this company can cater enough of the population. Excellence in installation of CNG kits Adam Motors have an enormous experience in the field of CNG/LPG. CNG kits installed in Adam Motors cars make it fuel efficient car with globally acclaimed CNG components installed. Impeccable increase in petrol prices is making implausible for middle class people to afford the overhauling cost of the car. Providing CNG kits will raise the bar for the industry to new greater heights. Weakness: Poor after sale service. After sales services is considered to be and integral part of customer services and a key determinant of customer satisfaction; while this may seem obvious but it’s not often done. Unfortunately, lack of emphasis on after sales services was observed, due to lack of resources and improper after sales services planning. Low Resale Value Revo was the Pakistan’s first car to make out to roads and had to face criticism. As a first company the quality of car and its parts used were not as good as it should have been which cause its unpopularity and its image had to taste dust therefore, when it comes to resale value the owner easily can lose 70,000 or more on selling. Pakistani buyers are cautious buyers who give the vehicle’s resale more importance. Competing in Pakistan only Growing up among some of the world’s biggest company like Honda, Suzuki, and Toyota is really hard job to do. With competitor having better resources, better research facilities and established brand name, it gets hard to compete. Low consumer awareness Since advertising and promotion directly relates to consumer awareness. One of the main reasons Revo didn’t survived was people weren’t aware of the  Revo. Advertising and promotion are useful factors in creating awareness among the consumer. Unfortunately Adam Motors didn’t indulge themselves in of the marketing. Lack of advanced technology. Advanced technology is competitive advantage. Unfortunately Adam Motors don’t posses modern technology which surely is Adam Motors biggest weakness. Adam Motors is competing with companies who posses advanced technology and have moved from traditional fuel cars to hybrid and electric cars. Unattractive structure. Revo looks was a major issue for buyer. It’s resembles to the three-wheeler china van. The shape of the car made it look quite ridiculous and unattractive. Poor material was been used in exterior and interior of the car. Adam Motor’s should have put more thought into the design and quality of the car. Opportunity: Capturing the market of low income people. Pakistan’s major part of population falls under category of middle class, lower middle class and lower class. To capture the people who have low purchasing power company must focus on the affordability of the product. Revo is cheap car even cheaper then Mehran. People with low income can easily afford this car and it’s overhauling expenses. People who have bikes and want a cheap spacious car to enjoy ride with their families can easily afford this fuel-efficient and cheap car. Enter in the market of 1300 cc cars. After getting its market share and reputation, Adam Revo can go for opportunity to capture market with 1300cc car and other models. As the only competitor in producing cheap 1300cc car is Suzuki who have been failed trying different variation in their 1300cc model cars. Large market size to operate. Demand of cheap cars in Pakistan is very high. There’s no second thought to it. Majority of Pakistan’s population belong to classes who can not afford luxurious cars and are interested in cheap, fuel- efficient cars. There is  big market for there car if they plan well and market there product efficiently they can target large market size. Economy of Pakistan. Growing local industry can ultimately benefit economy of Pakistan. Developing good reputation will induce other companies to make investment in Pakistan my doing joint venture production. Export Revo can also give benefit to Pakistan’s economy. Threats: Competitors (Pak Suzuki) Currently Pak Suzuki is largest car assembler and market leader in Pakistan automobile market. Pak Suzuki has more than 60% of the market share. Having effective after sales service and wide spread network of show rooms and EFI technology surely is Adam biggest competitor. Market perception. The perception of consumer of Adam’s Motors is that they provide cheap car with low quality. As long as Revo don’t take steps to induce people that there product are best use of their money, whatever car they come up with will not going to be accepted by the consumer. Load shedding of CNG in Pakistan. Load shedding of CNG is one of the big problems in Pakistan and company like Adam Motor who are totally dependent upon CNG as this is one of the main reason which makes this car overhauling expenses affordable. Sharp Increase in price of Raw Material. Increase in price of everything due to inflation is also a threat e. The cost raw material and labor have also increased which will result in expensive product making it unaffordable for consumer of low income. Ambiguity in political issue. In Pakistan the ambiguity in political issue is very high. Every now and then we get strangled by the strike conducted by different political parties making it very difficult for industry to match the quota. Sometimes even worker don’t come to work which increases the cost of production and delay in delivery. Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Offerings It offers Fuel-efficient highly affordable Chinese made engines car which are 10% to 15% cheaper than other local competitors. As demand of cheap cars is so high in Pakistan, providing cheap cars to consumer so could get their needs satisfied. Marketing: The key marketing objective of the company is to become the segment leader in 800 cc market It is the main concern to market the Adam’s Dreamer at an economical price, which would give a competitive edge. To duly anticipate in maintaining quality benchmark by maintaining the efficiency of automobile production unit by continuous research and development program, keeping in view the customer’s needs and a sound distribution system to attain the max of customer satisfaction. Adam Motor intention is to attain an increase in share of the urban population consisting of Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad as well as in rural areas of Pakistan in automobile industry. The duly purpose to attain this target by direct frontal assault on the market and to re-launch the brand on a higher scale to eliminate the resistance from small competitors and taking on competition directly. Personnel/Management Company strives for skilled entities who value time and quality as crucial assets. Finance Manufacturing Research and Development (R & D) External Opportunities and Threats Consumer/Social: Today, companies recognize that they cannot appeal to each and every buyer in the market place†¦ The reason of this problem is that buyers are too numerous, too widely scattered and too much wearied in their needs and buying practices; therefore, to reach the right person who is definitely a potential customer of your product is very difficult. Competitive: For the newly launched automobile company it is very challenging to get even very small shares of the automobile market when the giants like TOYOTA, SUZUKI etc. are already capturing the major market. Paksitan’s first car Technological Competing with other Economic Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Known for his decisions which helps economy of the country to grow. Providing subsidy to industrial sector will definitely help industry like ADAM COMPANY to grow. This is an opportunity was the company to go for this opportunity. Legal/Regulatory Industry Analysis Competitor Analysis (Porter 5 Forces Model, Defense Strategy, Attack Strategy) Company Analysis Customer Analysis (Segmentation/Targeting) 5. Market-Product Focus Marketing and Product Objectives Target Markets The car’s target audience was envisaged to be Pakistan’s middle class car buyer. The company had planned to export the car in the future to other countries as well. Points of Parity (POP), Points of Difference (POD) Positioning 6. Marketing Program Product Strategy/ Branding Strategy, BCG Matrix Price Strategy: The price of Adams Revo was low as compared with the competitors but the features of the car were not up to the standard of the competitors therefore to compete with the competitors it is essential for the company to change the price in order to change its design to get profits. The increase in price should be less than the competitors price in order to maintain the market reputation of having a low priced car. People were seen to be satisfied with the price of the car, however, the major reasons which caused the car to flop were the low quality, performance style as well as the lack of promotion, therefore it is required by the company to reposition its product and promote it. The repositioning of the product and the promotional advertisement will increase the cost of the car which may result in the increase of prices. The price offer by the company is almost 20% less than its major competitor Suzuki Mehran. The company can afford an increase in price to a level which is less than Mehran in order to reposition its product Promotion Strategy: For repositioning first we will redesign the promotion mix to inform customers about the attributes, features of the Adam’s Dreamer along with its emphasis on life style and technical expertise. Pull strategy will be used for the promotion to build up consumer demand. If the strategy is successful, customers will ask dealers for Dreamer and dealers will ask Adam’s Motors to produce more. Sales promotion is one of the ways to encourage sales of our new Adam’s Dreamer. The company can give discounts on conducting different car fairs or in the exhibitions. They can offer discounts sales to different car rental organizations or the transport departments of different companies, by doing this Dreamer can achieve road presence which can broaden the future sales of Adam’s Dreamer Place (Distribution Strategy): Our market segmentation reveals that The Company’s product Adam’s DREAMER is not for the superior class, that is, upper-upper but also not for the upper-lower class of the country. The Adams Dreamer is basically for the, upper-middle class, Middle class and lower-middle class of the country The smaller areas of the country are the major place for the middle class of society. In order to reach the every middle class consumer of the country the Adam’s DREAMER must be available in all the seller cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer dealership must be in Hyderabad,Sukkar (SINDH) Sialkot, Multan (PUNJAB) Chaman (BALOCHISTAN) Gigot (KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA) The semi-urban cities of the country are the major place for the lower-Middle  class of society. In order to reach the every lower class consumer of the country the Adam’s DREAMER must be available in all the small cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer must be in Rohri SINDH Okara, Sahiwal, MianwaliPUNJAB Pasheen BALOCHISTAN Abottabad KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA 7. Implementation Company has a nonexistent demand and Latent demand. As marketing and promotion of Adam Revo was never have attempted. They share a strong need for the product which is cheap and can satisfy there needs but due non marketing strategy people were unaware of the product which causes non existent demand. 8. Evaluation and Control As per the survey done by the general public, the evaluation result was in favor of re-launching the car but there were few amendment needed to be made, for example the interior part and as well as engine including the suspension of the car.